المواضيع الاكثر مشاهده
11:09 م | Posted by
Eng.Hoda |
Do you know,What is Repulsion
Motor ?
A lot of us may not have heard about
repulsion motor . It is a type of electric motor for use on alternating current
(AC) . It was formerly used as a traction motor for electric trains but has
been superseded by other types of motors and is now only of historical interest.
Repulsion motors are classified under
single phase motors. In repulsion motors the stator windings are connected
directly to the AC power supply and the rotor is connected to a commutator and
brush assembly, similar to that of a direct current (DC) motor .
Construction
Repulsion motors consist of a stator,
rotor, commutator and brush.
The stator is mostly of non-salient pole
type provided with slots. The rotor is connected to the commutator which is
identical to the construction of DC armature. The windings of rotor are of
distributed type. They may be either lap winding or wave winding. Repulsion
motors consists of a commutator which may be of axial type or vertical type.
Carbon brushes are used to conduct current through the armature.
The principle difference between an AC
series motor and repulsion motors is the way in which power is supplied to
armature. In Ac series motor the armature receives voltage by conduction
through the power supply. But In repulsion motors the armature is supplied by
induction from the stator windings .
Its Operation
Repulsion motors are based on the principle
of repulsion between two magnetic fields. Consider a 2-pole salient pole motor
with vertical magnetic axis (basic functioning of salient pole and non-salient
pole the construction is same) . The armature is connected to commutator and
brush. The brushes are short circuited using a low-resistance jumper. when
alternating current is supplied to field or stator winding, it induces an emf
in the armature. The direction of alternating current is such that it creates
north pole at the top and south pole at the bottom. The direction of induced
emf is given by Lenz law, according to which the direction of induced emf is so
as to oppose the cause producing it. the induced emf induces the current in the
armature conductors. The direction of induced current in the armature
conductors depends on the position of the brush.
If the brush axis is along the direction of
the field (or) if the brush axis is collinear with the magnetic field, the
armature behaves like an electromagnet and so an N-pole is formed directly
below the N-pole of the stator and S-pole is formed directly above the S-pole
of the stator. Now the net torque at this condition is zero. Both the N-poles
repel each other and Both the S-poles repel each other. The two repulsion
forces are in direct opposition to each other and hence no torque will be
developed in this condition
As the same if we consider that the brushes
are shifted through 90 degree, so that the magnetic axis is perpendicular to
the brush axis ….. torque also at this condition is zero.
Every
time we change α and note the torque value to obtaine maximum torque as
the value of starting torque of repulsion motors is determined by the amount
of brush shift α from the main magnetic
axis. The maximum torque occurs when α=45 degrees. Brush shift also helps in
speed control of repulsion motors.
The various types of motors
which works under the repulsion principle are:
• Compensated repulsion motor
• Repulsion-start Induction-run motor
• Repulsion Induction motor
Disadvantages :
• Occurrence of sparks at brushes
• Commutator and brushes wear out quickly.
This is primarily due to arcing and heat generated at brush assembly.
• The power factor is poor at low speeds.
• No load speed is very high and dangerous.
Applications :
• Value Operators
• Farm Motor Applications
• Hoists
• Floor Maintenance Machines
• Air Compressors
• Laundry Equipment
• Mining Equipment
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32 comments:
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